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制高点-第16部分
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e are in contact and connected in a way that had never happened before。
DANIEL YERGIN：现在人们很难相信在２０世纪９０世纪之初，电子邮件几乎还不被人所知。绝大多数人没有电子邮箱。但１０年之后，电子邮件无处不在，成为了人们生活中的一部分。还有，沟通网络也变的非常强大，电话费用急剧降低，全球电话数量大大攀升，人们正在一种前所未有方式联系和交流。
NARRATOR： In two decades； the number of international phone calls from the
旁白：在２０年之间，从美国打出的国际长途电话数目从２亿增加到了５２亿。
This AT&；T control center handles 300 million calls each day。
AT&；T###的控制中心每天处理３亿个电话。
Americans were often connected to the developing world without even knowing it。 Consumers checking their credit…card balance could be routed seamlessly to call centers like this one in India； where operators identify themselves with made…up American names。
美国人常常在和发展中国家进行联系——有时他们自己甚至不知道这一点。消费者查看他们信用卡上的资金数量的时候，数据将通行无阻地传输到设在印度等地的电话中心，在那里，接线员使用自己起的美国名字。
OPERATOR； Call Center； India： Good evening。 My name is Tracy。 How can I help you？
接线员，电话中心，印度：早上好，我的名字是Tracy，你需要什么服务？
NARRATOR： In a remote Indian village； farmers took their crop to market as they had for generations； But an Internet connection ensured they were now paid the world price for their crop； a price set at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange 8；000 miles away。
旁白：在偏远的印度村落里，农民将谷物带到市场上出售——他们祖祖辈辈都是这样。但是，因特网的使用能保证：他们出售谷物的价格是世界通行的价格——８，０００英里之外的芝加哥商品交易所制订的谷物价格。
This borderless world created a new kind of businessperson。 Entrepreneurs could now think like multinationals； and see the entire world as a single market。 Narayana Murthy understood this revolution earlier than most。
无国界现象创造出了新型的商务人员，现在企业家能和跨国公司一样思考问题，将整个世界看作单一的市场。Narayana Murthy最先意识到了这场变革。
NARAYANA MURTHY； Founder and CEO of Infosys Technology： We were all children of a different generation。 We were all mesmerized by the charisma of Nehru。 Nehru believed in central planning； Nehru believed in socialism。 But then I realized that if you want to eradicate poverty； you don't do it by redistribution of existing wealth； you have to create more wealth。 And that's when I got somewhat disillusioned by the socialism as is practiced in India。
NARAYANA MURTHY，Infosys Technology公司的创始人和首席执行官：我们都是完全不同与我们的那一代人的孩子。我们相信集中计划体系和社会主义的尼赫鲁所催眠。但是，我意识到如果你想要根除贫困，靠重新分配现有财富是行不通的，你必须要创造更多的财富，我意识到这一点的时候正是我对印度实行的社会主义制度丧失幻想的时候。
NARRATOR： With only 250； Murthy helped found a puter software pany。 His headquarters in Bangalore became the world's second largest software campus。 Only Microsoft's was bigger。
旁白：用仅有的250美元，Murthy帮助成立了一家电脑软件公司，总部设在邦加罗尔；
Thirty percent of the world's software engineers are from India。
世界上３０％的软件工程师来自印度。
NARAYANA MURTHY： You know； I define globalization as producing where it is most cost…effective； selling where it is most profitable； sourcing capital from where it is without worrying about national boundaries。
你知道，我给全球化下这样的定义：在最有效率的地方进行生产，在利润最高的地方销售，而且在寻找资金来源的时候不用担心国家界限。
Onscreen caption： Silicon Valley； California
字幕：硅谷，加州
NARRATOR： People as well were being increasingly mobile。 America relaxed its immigration laws； attracting a huge influx of high…tech workers from across the developing world。
旁白：人们也变的越来越有流动性。美国放松了移民法令，从发展中国家吸引大量的高科技人员。
PROGRAMMER； Silicon Valley： This is the land of opportunity。 This is the place； this is the happening place； so many people e here。
程序设计人员，硅谷：这是充满着机遇的土地。就是这片土地，就是这里上演着许多传奇，因此，许多人都来到了这里。
PROGRAMMER； Silicon Valley： This is a place of opportunity。 We get a chance to prove ourselves。 We get a chance to prove ourselves； to show our skills。
程序设计人员，硅谷：这里充满了机会，我们有机会证明我们自己，我们有机会证明我们自己，展示我们的技能。
Onscreen caption： Two hundred thousand Indians found jobs in Silicon Valley。
字幕：２０万印度人在硅谷找到了工作。
NARRATOR： In many ways； Silicon Valley was the spiritual center of the new global village …… the source not only of its technology； but of its entrepreneurial ethos。
旁白：在许多意义上，硅谷都是新全球村的精神中心——不仅仅是技术的源泉，还是创业精神的源泉
The Draper family had invested in entrepreneurs since the 1950s； when they brought venture capital to Silicon Valley。 In the early '90s； Bill Draper's son Tim funded Hotmail。 Its instant global success convinced him that the world was fundamentally changing。
自从２０世纪５０年代以来，Draper一家一直对企业进行投资，当时他们将风险投资基金带到了硅谷。在９０年代早期，Bill Draper的儿子Tim对Hotmail提供了融资。Hotmail很快取得了成功，这让他更加相信，世界正在发生根本性的变革。
TIM DRAPER； Venture Capitalist： We knew the Internet was going to change the whole way the world worked。 You could do merce； you could do munication； you could do all these things over the Web。 India and Africa； Pakistan； China had all been trapped； and they were not really participating in the world economy。 They could now。 They could because now they could municate with the rest of the world through this Internet。 It was a big opportunity； and we saw it； we jumped on it。
TIM DRAPER；风险投资家：我们知道因特网正在改变世界运转的方式。通过因特网，你可以进行商业交易，你可以交流沟通，你可以做所有的事情。印度、非洲、巴基斯坦和中国都曾被迫滞后，当时，它们无法参与到世界经济中去，而现在，它们就可以这样做，因为现在它们能够通过因特网和世界上的其它部分进行交流。这是一个巨大的机遇，我们发现了这个机遇，我们抓住了这个机遇。
I think entrepreneurship can happen anywhere。 All it takes is someone with a vision and an idea for how to do something better。
我认为创业精神可以在任何地方存在。它所需要的只是：一个具有远见和创意（如何将事情做的更好）的人。
NARRATOR： One of the Drapers' best investments was in David Lee； the first foreign…born American to take a high…tech pany public。
旁白：Draper一家最好的投资之一是David Lee——第一个将高科技公司公开上市的、在国外出生的美国人。
DAVID LEE； Entrepreneur： When we came over we had nothing …… 600； 20 kilos of clothes。 And this society provided； gave us opportunity and everything。
DAVID LEE：企业家：当我们到这里来的时候，我们什么也没有，除了６００美元，２０公斤的衣服。社会给我们提供的机会和所有的一切。
CECILIA LEE； Wife of David Lee： Being an entrepreneur sounds very good； but being a spouse is very difficult； because most of the time he's traveling or he's not home。 I raised my three children by myself。 And sometimes he doesn't remember how old they are。
CECILIA LEE； David Lee的妻子：作为一个企业家听起来非常好，但是做一个妻子则非常困难，因为绝大部分的时间他都出差在外，或者不在家。我独自抚养三个孩子，有时他都不记得这些孩子多大了。
NARRATOR： David Lee manufactures high…end telephones。 He embodies the new breed of global entrepreneur。
旁白：David Lee生产高端电话产品，他身上体现了新型全球企业家的精神。
CECILIA LEE： Don't eat too much
CECILIA LEE：不要吃得太多
。 最好的txt下载网
Chapter 9： China and the Tigers ＇5：35＇
第九章： 中国和亚洲４小龙
NARRATOR： In the early '90s； David Lee returned to his homeland for the first time in over four decades。
旁白：在９０年代早期，David Lee４０年来首次回到了家乡。
Onscreen caption： Shanghai； China
字幕：上海，中国
DAVID LEE： I was always afraid to go back to a munist country。 I was born in Beijing； actually right in Tiananmen Square。 And we left there after the revolution in 1949。 We were very lucky we were able to leave the country。 We were like the boat people on top of a cargo ship。 We left everything。 The only thing ＇we had＇ is whatever we could carry。
DAVID LEE：我过去总是害怕，不敢回到这个共产主义国家。我出生在北京，实际上就在天安门广场。我们于１９４９年解放的时候离开了中国。能离开那个地方我们感到非常幸运。当时，我们就象船夫一样呆在一艘货船的顶部。我们丢下了所有的一切。唯一的财产就是我们所能够携带的东西。
This is a free…trade zone。 Anything you do in here you don't have to pay tariff； or you can build the thing and then ship it out for export purposes。
这里是一个自由贸易区。你在这里干什么都不用付关税，或者生产货物，接着将之运出，用作出口。
NARRATOR： David Lee set up a joint venture in a free…trade zone near Shanghai。 Lee saw firsthand a China in the midst of epic economic transformation。
旁白：David Lee在靠近上海的自由贸易区地方成立了一家合资公司，Lee首先看到了正处于经济转型时期的中国。
China's munist leadership had embraced markets and weled hundreds of billions of dollars of foreign investment。 Almost one…quarter of the world's population was entering the global market for the first time。
中国共产党的领导层已经接受了市场经济并对数千亿的国外投资持欢迎态度。占世界人口四分之一的人们首次进入了全球市场。
Onscreen caption： Economic reforms lifted 300 million Chinese out of poverty。
字幕：经济改革使３０００万中国人口摆脱了贫穷。
In villages across China and throughout the developing world； people left their rural homes。 They traveled to industrial towns； seeking work in new factories built to serve the global market。
在中国和所有发展中国家的村落里，人们离开了他们的家园来到工业城市，在为全球市场服务的新工厂里寻找工作机会。
The era of globalization saw the largest wave of human migration in history。 Eighty percent of the world's future economic growth is expected to occur in cities rather than the countryside。
全球化时代经历了历史上最大了人口迁移浪潮。根据预测，未来世界经济增长中，有８０％将来自于城市而不是农村。
LIN SHENGXIN； Factory Worker； China： I was a schoolteacher in the countryside。 At that time I only earned 100 a month。 My parents are both farmers； so we lived a very poor life。 But now I'm earning 3；000 a month。 My life is totally different。 My child is going to school here； near the factory。 So we are living a much； much better life now。
LIN SHENGXIN； 工厂工人，中国：我原是一名乡村教师。那时，我每月的收入只有１００元，我的父母都是农民，所以我们的生活非常贫穷，但是，现在我每个月有３，０００元的收入，我的生活完全改变了，我的孩子也在这里上学，在靠近工厂的一所学校里，我们现在的日子比以前好很多。
Onscreen caption： Singapore
字幕：新加坡
NARRATOR： China's leaders hoped to emulate the "；tiger economies"； of Southeast Asia； where trade and investment had transformed once…impoverished nations。
旁白：中国领导人希望仿效东南亚的“小虎经济模式”，在东南亚，贸易和投资已经完全改变了曾一度非常贫穷的国家。
LEE KUAN YEW； Senior Minister of Singapore： When the British came here in 1819； they found a fishing village of about 120 people。 When the empire broke up； everybody wanted to do their own trading； and we could easily have withered on the vine。 So we just had to make ourselves relevant to the world。 And the countries that make themselves relevant bee better off； their people bee better off。 Those who opt out； they suffer。
李光耀，新加坡高级部长：１８１９年英国人到达这里的时候，他们看到的是一个只有１２０人的小渔村。在英殖民帝国崩溃的时候，每个人都想进行他们自己的贸易，而我们可能会在这种情形下失败。所以，我们必须使自己成为这个世界的一部分。那些使自己相互关联的国家变的更加繁荣，他们的人民也更加富有。那些选择孤立在世界之外的国家则遭受到了痛苦。
NARRATOR： Since the 1970s； the countries of Southeast Asia had bee became world…class exporters； shipping everything from cars to puters across the globe。
旁白：自从２０世纪７０年代以来，东南亚国家已经变成了世界一流的出口国，把从汽车到电脑等产品运往全球各地。
DANIEL YERGIN： They called it the Asian economic miracle because the world had not really seen that kind of economic growth； that many people brought out of poverty； that rapid a creation of a middle class so quickly anywhere in the history of the world。 DANIEL YERGIN：他们称之为亚洲经济奇迹，因为世界经济从来没有经历过如此的增长，许多人民脱离了贫困，中产阶级形成速度之快也是世界历史上从来没有过的。
NARRATOR： By the mid…90s； many Asian economies were growing at the astonishing rate of 10 percent or more each year。
旁白：直到９０年代中期，许多亚洲经济体都还在以令人吃惊的速度增长——年度增长率达１０％甚至更高。
LEE HSIEN LOONG； Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore： There was a tremendous confidence and hope that this was the Asian century； and the place was being transformed； and you just had to put money there and it would grow on trees。
李显龙，新加坡副总理：人们非常自信地认为并希望这将是亚洲的世纪，这个地区正在转型， 你只要把钱放在这儿，接着树上就会长出钱来
DANIEL YERGIN： I remember the CEO of one major pany in about 1995 or so saying； "；If we're not investing in Asia tomorrow； we're too late。"；
DANIEL YERGIN：我记得在大约在１９９５年有一位大公司的首席执行官说过：“如果我们明天还没有将钱投资在亚洲地区，我们就太迟了。”
。。
Chapter 10： The Japanese Paradox ＇3：01＇
第十章： 日本的矛盾
Onscreen caption： Tokyo； Japan
字幕：东京，日本
NARRATOR： Yet there was one big exception。 Japan； the world's second largest economy； had fallen into a deep； unexpected slump that shook the confidence of its people。
旁白：但是，这里也有一个极大的例外——日本，世界第二大经济体——已经深深陷入了意外的衰退之中，这一衰退动摇了日本人民的自信心。
KAORI MARUYA； Parliamentary Secretary for Foreign Affairs； Japan： Japan was in the so…called bubble economy； and at that time the Japanese people were not very careful about debt。 After the collapse of the bubble economy； people came back to reality and came down from their dreams。
KAORI MARUYA； 日本外务省初级秘书； 日本：日本曾处在所谓的泡沫经济中，当时，日本民众对债务问题并不十分谨慎。在泡沫经济破灭之后，人们从梦境中醒来，重新回到现实之中。
Onscreen caption： Japanese banks hold 1 trillion in bad debts。
字幕：日本银行有1万亿美元的坏帐。
NARRATOR： Japan's economy once looked unstoppable； but it was slow to adapt to the rapid changes of a fast…moving； interconnected world。
旁白：日本经济曾一度看起来势不可挡，但是，在接纳这个快速移动、互相联系的世界所发生的迅猛变化的时候，日本动作缓慢。
EISUKE SAKAKIBARA； Vice Minister of Finance； Japan； 1997…1999： Japan is a very sort of parochial and very closed economy； there's no question about it。 Walk around the Japanese cities； you don't see many foreigners。
EISUKE SAKAKIBARA； 大藏省次长； 日本，1997…1999：日本是一个地域狭小的国家，经济非常封闭，这一点毋庸质疑。在日本城市中闲逛的时候，你不会看到很多外国人。
NARRATOR： Japan； the great exporter； protected its domestic industries。 At the heart of the country's economic problems lay a contradiction。
旁白：最大的出口国——日本——对国内工业实施保护政策。在此国家的经济问题的中心存在着一个矛盾
EISUKE SAKAKIBARA： One sector of the Japanese economy is an export…oriented sector which is highly petitive； consisting of Toyotas and Sonys。 And the other is domestic manufacturing sector which is extremely unpetitive。 We have a market…oriented capitalistic system on the one hand； we have a very socialistic； egalitarian sector on the other。
EISUKE SAKAKIBARA：日本经济的一个部分是以出口为导向的产业部门，竞争非常激烈，包括丰田和索尼等公司。其它部门为国内制造产业，竞争极小。一方面，我们有以市场为导向的资本主义体系，而另一方面，我们也有社会主义的、平均主义的产业部门。
NARRATOR： In Japan； government bureaucrats managed a highly regulated economy。 As Masahisa Naitoh was to learn； ideas about change met with profound skepticism。
旁白：在日本，政府官僚们对经济实施高度调控。正如Masahisa Naitoh曾学到的那样，变革观念受到了极大的怀疑。
MASAHISA NAITOH； Ministry of Trade and Industry； Japan； 1961…1993： I wanted to deregulate our financial system。 The new global markets of the 1990s created a new reality。 I said we had to change for Japan to thrive in the new world economy。 My colleagues in the government criticized me。 They said that it was in the best interest of Japan that my ideas be destroyed。 MASAHISA NAITOH，通产省，日本，1961…1993：我想要取消对金融体系的调控，90年代的新型全球市场经济产生了新的现实，我说过，如果日本要在新世界经济里繁荣昌盛，我们就必须要进行变革，我在政府里的同事批评我，他们说，消灭我的观念才符合资本的最高利益。
NARRATOR： Naitoh was fired without warning。 Japan stuck to its old ways； and the nation's economic slump continued。 For the first time； an Asian "；economic miracle"； was in trouble。
旁白：Naitoh在没有收到任何预警的情况下就被解雇了，日本仍在墨守成规，其经济衰退仍在继续。亚洲的“经济奇迹”首次陷入困境之中。
。。
Chapter 11： Global Contagion Begins ＇7：55＇
第十一章： 全球性的影响开始了
Onscreen caption： Bangkok； Thailand
字幕：曼谷，泰国
By early 1997； Southeast Asia's rapid economic boom was overheating。 Sirivat Voravetvuthikun was one of many who thought the good times would never end。
到1997年初，东南亚快速的经济崛起达到了白热化的程度。Sirivat Voravetvuthikun 是很多以为这样的好日子永远不会结束的人中的一员。
SIRIVAT VORAVETVUTHIKUN； Former Real Estate Developer； Thailand： Ever since I was a child； I have been wanting to be a multimillionaire。 I wanted to be rich。 I wanted to do something that no one has done …… build a luxurious condominium。 I knew a lot of rich people and multimillionaires would like to take time off to play golf； to enjoy the fresh air in the mountains； which you cannot find in Bangkok。
SIRIVAT VORAVETVUTHIKUN，曾是泰国的地产开发商：自从我还是个孩子的时候起，我就一直期待着要成为一个百万富翁。我想要成为富人。我想要做一些别人没有做过的事情 – 建造一座豪华的公寓。我知道很多富人和百万富翁都希望到山里休假去打高尔夫球，去享受你在曼谷找不到的新鲜空气。
I looked at the golf course。 It's designed by Jack Nicklaus。 I put my effort into making it one of the most beautiful condominiums in Thailand。 Still today； with the mountains in the background； with a fairway and a lake in front of the condominium； it's really beautiful。
我看了这个高尔夫球场，是由JACK NICKLAUS 设计的。我为了要把它建成泰国最美的豪华公寓之一做出了很多努力。直到今天，有这些山峦作背景，公寓前面的高尔夫球道和湖泊映衬着它，确实很美。
ANAND PANYARACHUN； Prime Minister of Thailand； 1991…1993： People were just buying apartments and condominiums like they were gambling。 And they were tempted by this easy money； tempted by this easy profit。
ANAND PANYARACHUN，泰国总理，1991 – 1993：那时人们购买公寓和豪华公寓就象在赌博。而且他们也被这种轻易得来的金钱和利益所驱使。
NARRATOR： During the '90s； Thailand had opened up its capital markets。 For the first time； local businesses could borrow money from foreign banks which offered lower interest rates。
旁白：在九十年代，泰国开放了它的资本市场。当地的企业第一次可以向利息比较低的外国银行贷款了。
ANAND PANYARACHUN： People would e and knock on your door and plead with you to borrow； be they European or Japanese banks。 The Western financial world； the banks or the financial panies； they came and begged us to borrow from them。
ANAND PANYARACHUN：人们会来敲你的门，恳请你借钱，无论是欧洲银行还是日本银行。西方金融界，银行或是金�
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